Science and Human Behavior, Chapter 5: Operant Behavior, Quote 11

“Events which are found to be reinforcing are of two sorts. Some reinforcements consist of presenting stimuli, of adding something— for example, food, water, or sexual contact—to the situation. These we call positive reinforcers. Others consist of removing something— for example, a loud noise, a very bright light, extreme cold or heat, or electric shock—from the situation. These we call negative reinforcers. In both cases the effect of reinforcement is the same—the probability of response is increased.” (p. 73)

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