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Russell thinks that the reason [for negation] is always verbal. Someone asks Is it raining? and we reply No, it is not raining . . . But the stimulus which controls a response to which no or not is added is often nonverbal. Rain may be a response to a similar stimulus—a few drops from a lawn sprinkler beyond a hedge, for example. The response It is raining then shows generic or metaphorical extension. Or a common accompaniment of rain—say, a threatening sky—may evoke the response as an example of metonymy. (pp. 322-323)